Consideraciones bioéticas en el manejo de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica: Una aproximación al quehacer fonoaudiológico

Introducción: La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es la forma más común de enfermedad degenerativa de motoneurona en la edad adulta y es considerada una enfermedad terminal. Por lo mismo, el accionar del fonoaudiólogo debe considerar el respeto a los principios bioéticos básicos para garantizar una asistencia adecuada. Objetivo: Conocer aquellas consideraciones bioéticas relacionadas al manejo y estudio de personas con ELA para luego brindar una aproximación hacia el quehacer fonoaudiológico. Método: Se efectuó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y SciELO. Se filtraron artículos publicados desde 2000 hasta junio de 2023 y fueron seleccionados aquellos que abordaban algún componente bioético en población con ELA. Resultados: Aspectos relacionados al uso del consentimiento informado y a la toma de decisiones compartidas destacaron como elementos esenciales para apoyar la autonomía de las personas. Conclusión: Una correcta comunicación y una toma de decisiones compartida son claves para respetar la autonomía de las personas. A su vez, la estandarización de procedimientos mediante la investigación clínica permitirá aportar al cumplimiento de los principios bioéticos de beneficencia y no maleficencia, indispensables para la práctica profesional.

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of degenerative motor neuron disease in adulthood and is considered a terminal disease. For this reason, the actions of the speech therapist must consider respect for basic bioethical principles to guarantee adequate assistance. Objective: To know those bioethical considerations related to the management and study of people with ALS to then provide an approach to speech therapy. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO databases. Articles published from 2000 to June 2023 were filtered and those that addressed a bioethical component in the population with ALS were selected. Results: Aspects related to the use of informed consent and shared decision-making stood out as essential elements to support people's autonomy. Conclusion: Proper communication and shared decision-making are key to respecting people's autonomy. In turn, the standardization of procedures through clinical research will contribute to compliance with the bioethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, essential for professional practice.

Outcomes of a Community of Practice on Quebec Speech Language Pathologists' Voice Assessment Practices and Professional Identity

In a context where different protocols for recommended practices in clinical voice assessment exist, while there are gaps in the literature regarding the evidence base supporting assessment procedures and measures, clinicians from regions where a strong community holding expertise in clinical and scientific voice practices lack can struggle to confidently develop their voice assessment practices. In an effort to improve voice assessment practices and strengthen professional identity among speech-language pathologists in Quebec, Canada, a community of practice (CoP) was established, with the aim of promoting knowledge sharing, implementing change in clinical practice, and improving professional identity. Thirty-nine participants took part in the CoP activities conducted over a four-month period, including virtual meetings and in-person workshops. Participants had a high rate of attendance (> 74% participation rate in virtual meetings), and were highly satisfied with their participation and intended to remain involved after the project's end. Statistically significant changes in voice assessment practices were observed post-CoP, regarding probability of performing assessments (p < .001), and perceived importance of assessment for evaluative purposes (p <.001), as well as improvements in assessment specific confidence, specifically for procedure of auditory-perceptual assessment (p < .001) and purpose of aerodynamic assessment (p = .05). Moreover, there was an increase in professional identity post-CoP (p < .001) and participants felt they made significant learnings. The present study highlighted the need to involve SLPs in future research to identify assessments that are relevant to the specific evaluative objectives of SLPs working with voice, and suggests CoPs are an efficient tool for that purpose.

En un contexto en el que existen diferentes protocolos para las prácticas recomendadas en la evaluación vocal clínica, y en el que se presentan vacíos en la literatura respecto a la base de evidencia que respalda los procedimientos y medidas de evaluación, los profesionales de regiones donde no hay una comunidad sólida con experiencia en prácticas vocales clínicas y científicas pueden enfrentar dificultades para desarrollar con confianza sus prácticas de evaluación vocal. Con el propósito de mejorar las prácticas de evaluación vocal y fortalecer la identidad profesional entre los logopedas de Quebec, Canadá, se estableció una comunidad de práctica (CdP). Esta tenía como objetivo fomentar el intercambio de conocimientos, implementar cambios en la práctica clínica y mejorar la identidad profesional. Un total de treinta y nueve participantes se involucraron en las actividades de la CdP, llevadas a cabo durante un período de cuatro meses, que incluyeron reuniones virtuales y talleres presenciales. Los participantes tuvieron una alta tasa de asistencia (> 74% de participación en las reuniones virtuales) y expresaron un alto grado de satisfacción con su participación, manifestando su intención de continuar involucrados después de la finalización del proyecto. Se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en las prácticas de evaluación vocal posterior a la CdP, en lo que respecta a la probabilidad de llevar a cabo evaluaciones (p < .001) y la percepción de la importancia de la evaluación con fines evaluativos (p < .001), así como mejoras en la confianza específica en la evaluación, particularmente en el procedimiento de evaluación auditivo-perceptual (p < .001) y el propósito de la evaluación aerodinámica (p = .05). Además, se registró un aumento en la identidad profesional posterior a la CdP (p < .001) y los participantes sintieron que obtuvieron aprendizajes significativos. El presente estudio destacó la necesidad de involucrar a los logopedas en investigaciones futuras, para identificar evaluaciones pertinentes a los objetivos evaluativos específicos de los logopedas que trabajan con la voz, y sugiere que las CdP son una herramienta eficiente con ese propósito.

Intervenciones farmacéuticas en usuarios de benzodiacepinas durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Pharmaceutical interventions in benzodiazepine users during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción: la Intervención Farmacéutica busca optimizar y racionalizar el uso, la efectividad y la seguridad de los medicamentos dispensados resolviendo problemas relacionados con el medicamento (PRM) y resultados negativos asociados a la medicación (RNM).Objetivo: evaluar las Intervenciones Farmacéuticas realizadas a usuarios de benzodiacepinas durante la pandemia COVID-19 desde una Farmacia Comunitaria.Método: estudio prospectivo observacional, descriptivo y transversal (código AEMPS: DAA-CLO-2020-01) de las Intervenciones Farmacéuticas llevadas a cabo por una farmacia comunitaria tinerfeña entre agosto 2020 y febrero 2021.Resultados: un total de 306 Intervenciones Farmacéuticas fueron realizadas sobre 127 pacientes. La educación sanitaria y la información personalizada sobre el medicamento fueron las Intervenciones Farmacéuticas mayoritarias tras detectar entre los pacientes un alto grado de desconocimiento sobre las benzodiacepinas usadas. Las Intervenciones Farmacéuticas que se acompañan de derivación al médico alcanzan el 37,8 % tras detectar PRM y/o RNM o identificar al paciente como candidato para deprescripción. Estas derivaciones incluyen a los pacientes con un estado de depresión muy alto según el test Euroqol 5D-3L. La Intervención Farmacéutica con derivación al Servicio de Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico se realiza en el 3,1 % de los pacientes. El grado de aceptación de la Intervención Farmacéutica por parte de los pacientes alcanza el 98,4 %.Conclusiones: el alto porcentaje de aceptación de las Intervenciones Farmacéuticas refuerza el valor de la Farmacia Comunitaria en la optimización y racionalización del uso de benzodiacepinas y fortalece el vínculo farmacéutico-paciente. La pandemia COVID-19 dificultó la colaboración farmacéutico-médico, a pesar de la existencia de protocolos telemáticos de comunicación entre sanitarios.(AU)

Eficacia de los programas de desarrollo socioemocional aplicados en educación primaria: Una revisión sistemática paraguas / Effectiveness of social-emotional development programs applied in primary education: an umbrella systematic review

En la actualidad ha aumentado el desarrollo de programas de entrenamiento en habilidades socioemocionales en la infancia, debido a que se los considera como una herramienta válida para la adaptación y afrontamiento de una gran variedad de situaciones, tanto académicas como personales. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios que aporten una visión integral de las evidencias disponibles en el contexto de educación primaria. Se presenta una revisión sistemática de tipo paraguas basada en el método PRISMA, que incluye revisiones sobre programas de desarrollo socioemocional aplicados en educación primaria, con el objetivo de sintetizar sus características y recopilar los principales resultados reportados. Se utilizaron las bases de datos: ERIC, WOS, PSYCINFO, SCOPUS y COCHRANE. Tras un proceso por pares ciegos se seleccionaron y analizaron 15 revisiones. Utilizando las herramientas AMSTAR-2 y SANRA se encontró que el 60% de los estudios secundarios presenta una calidad críticamente baja o baja. Se identificaron 39 programas reportados en revisiones de buena calidad, un 51.2% presentaron evidencias moderadas o fuertes e informaron efectos significativos principalmente en ajuste del comportamiento, competencia social y emocional y habilidades académicas. Se discute el impacto de la calidad metodológica encontrada y las evidencias reportados en la interpretación y generalización de los hallazgos.(AU)

Currently, the development of training programs in socioemo-tional skills in childhood has increased because they are considered as a valid tool for adaptation and coping with a variety of situations, both aca-demic and personal. However, there are few studies that show a compre-hensive view of available evidences. This research presents an umbrella re-view based on PRISMA method guidelines. It includes reviews on socio-emotional development programs applied in Primary Education with the aim of synthesizing their characteristics and compiling the main results on their effectiveness. The following databases were used: ERIC, WOS, PSYCINFO, SCOPUS and COCHRANE. After a blind peer process, 15 reviews that met the inclusion criteria were selected and analysed. Using the AMSTAR-2 and SANRA tools, it was found that 60% of secondary studies have critically low or low quality. Thirty nine programs reported in good quality reviews were identified, 51.2% presented moderate or strong evidence and reported significant effectsmainly on behavioral adjustment, social and emotional competencies and academic skills. The impact of the methodological quality found and the evidences on the interpretation and generalization of the findings is discussed.(AU)

Definición, descripción y conceptualización en la psicoterapia. Una visión desde las ciencias comportamentales y evidencias

In this document, psychotherapeutic practice is described from a perspective of science and evidence, using as an instrument the definitions, descriptions, and conceptualizations subsequently supported by a naturalistic and non-mediational position. Starting from the conception with psychotherapy free of union biases or any particular approach. First, a description of what it is and its phases is addressed. Then, conceptualizations in psychotherapy of personal and social problems and procedures were established. Finally, this document concludes based on the criteria proposed by the (American Psychological Association (APA), 2006) and the Plan for Comprehensive Action on Mental Health (World Health Organization, 2013) for a practice based on evidence.

En el presente documento, se describe la práctica psicoterapéutica desde una perspectiva de la ciencias y evidencias, usando como instrumento definiciones, descripciones y conceptualizaciones apoyado posteriormente por una postura naturalista y no mediacional. Partiendo desde una concepción de la psicoterapia libre de sesgos gremiales o desde alguna aproximación particular. Primero, se aborda una descripción sobre qué es y sus fases. Luego, se establecen las conceptualizaciones en psicoterapia, de problema personal y social y de procedimientos. Finalmente se concluye con el presente documento a partir de los criterios propuestos por la (American Psychological Association (APA), 2006) y el Plan para la acción integral sobre salud mental  (Organización Mundial para la Salud, 2013) para una práctica basada en la evidencia.

How nurses perceive the gap between knowledge and practice.

BACKGROUND: Identifying nurses' perceptions of the knowledge-practice gap is a critical step toward developing evidence-based practice. Currently, multiple factors contribute to the gap between nursing education and actual practice. Addressing this gap requires a new perspective, not yet adequately represented in the literature, that includes nurses' perceptions. AIM: This study aims to describe nurses' perceptions of the knowledge-practice gap in the domains of knowledge, practice, environment, and learning. And it analyzes how nurses' professional characteristics are associated with their perceptions of the gap in each of these domains as well as the relationships between the domains themselves. METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional descriptive correlational design. A sample of 513 staff nurses recruited through a convenience sampling technique provided information on professional variables such as education and experience and completed a Likert-scale survey about their perceptions of the knowledge-practice gap. RESULTS: Their answers were found to vary with educational level and history of workshop attendance. Items from the knowledge domain were positively and significantly correlated with items from the environment and learning domains, which were also positively and significantly correlated with each other. However, the knowledge and practice domains were not significantly correlated. In addition to showing correlations among the major domains (or aspects) of the knowledge-practice gap, the study highlights how nurses' professional characteristics contribute to differences in their perceptions of this gap. CONCLUSION: These findings can guide hospital-specific measures for bridging the gap. In addition, the scale can be employed by leaders as a tool for the purpose of conducting assessments.

Manejo de PICC en el Servicio de Urgencias de un hospital universitario / Use of PICC at the University Hospital Emergency Unit

Para gestionar el capital venoso del paciente con seguridad y responsabilidad es necesario aumentar la calidad de los cuidados proporcionados, unificando y estandarizando los criterios de actuación, basándose siempre en la mejor evidencia científica. Las enfermeras de los Servicios de Urgencias deben aplicar la evidencia en el manejo del catéter venoso central de inserción periférica (PICC), conocer el protocolo aprobado por la Dirección Asistencial de su hospital y, sobre todo, evitar la variabilidad en la actuación, que podría aumentar los riesgos relacionados con la atención sanitaria, así como la desconfianza del paciente. Mantener actualizados los conocimientos y promover la adquisición de habilidades en la práctica clínica es de suma importancia para garantizar cuidados de calidad en el manejo de este tipo de catéteres, debiéndose comprobar periódicamente el grado de cumplimiento de la evidencia recogida en los protocolos existentes en el hospital. Las enfermeras tienen el reto de estar al día en el manejo de los accesos vasculares, y deben responder con seriedad y evidencia a los cuidados que necesitan los pacientes a los que se atienden. En este manuscrito se objetiva la necesidad de formar y capacitar de forma continua a los profesionales para el manejo adecuado del PICC. (AU)

In order to manage the venous resource of the patient safely and with responsibility, it is necessary to increase the quality of care provided, unifying and standardizing performance criteria, always based on the best scientific evidence. Emergency Unit nurses must apply evidence in their use of the peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC), they must know the protocol approved by the Patient Care Management in their hospital and, most of all, must avoid variability of action, which could increase the risks associated with healthcare as well as mistrust by patients. It is extremely important to keep an updated knowledge and to promote the acquisition of clinical practice skills, in order to guarantee quality care in the use of this type of catheters; the level of compliance of the evidence collected in the hospital protocols must be confirmed periodically. Nurses face the challenge of being updated in the management of vascular accesses, and must give response with seriousness and evidence to the care needed by their patients. This manuscript sets out objectively the need for continuous training and qualification for professionals regarding the adequate use of PICC. (AU)

Comparing the Use of Topical Therapy Along with Anti-IL-17 and Anti-IL-23 to Treat Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis in the Routine Clinical Practice. / Comparación del uso de la terapia tópica combinada con anti-interleucina-17 y anti-interleucina-23 en la psoriasis moderada grave en la práctica clínica.

BACKGROUND: Combinations of topical (TT) and biological therapies (BT) are a common thing in the routine clinical practice. However, the scientific medical literature on how TT is, actually, used after the initiation of BT is scarce, particularly in combination with anti-IL17, or anti-IL23. OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency of the concomitant use of TT + BT at baseline and after a 6-month course of several drugs (anti-IL17, ustekinumab, and anti-IL23). Our secondary endpoints are to describe the type of topical therapy used, compare the frequency of use of TT among the different groups of BT, describe the survival of topical therapy in these patients, and identify the factors that can impact the use or discontinuation of topical therapy in these patients (clinical response, quality of life, type of drug, etc.). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational, and single-center study of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis treated with anti-IL17 (secukinumab, ixekizumab), anti-IL17R (brodalumab), ustekinumab, and guselkumab from January 2015 through December 2020. RESULTS: We included a total of 138 patients. When treatment started, 82.7% were on TT (55% daily), and after 6 months, 86.6% had discontinued TT. Regarding the analysis by type of drug, at 6 months, we found that 100% of the patients with BRO had discontinued topical treatment. We did not find any significant differences in the frequency of use of TT based on the BT used during the 6-month course of treatment. The estimated mean course of TT was 4.3 months (SD, 6.7). Also, the estimated mean course of TT was significantly shorter in the group of patients who achieved PASI100 (2.8 months vs. 8.1 months). CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, we saw a significant decrease in the frequency of use of TT at 6 months after starting BT in the routine clinical practice. This reduction occurred earlier in patients who improved their objective clinical response and quality of life.

Assessment of the quality, diagnosis, and therapeutic recommendations of clinical practice guidelines on patients with Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review.

We conducted this study to systematically review and assess the current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) related to the diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The aim was to evaluate the quality of these included CPGs and provide clinicians with a convenient and comprehensive reference for updating their own CPGs. We searched four databases to identify eligible CPGs focusing on H. pylori diagnosis and treatment recommendations. The results were presented using evidence mappings. Quality and clinical applicability were assessed comprehensively using AGREE-II and AGREE-REX. Statistical tests, specifically Bonferroni tests, were employed to compare the quality between evidence-based guidelines and consensus. A total of 30 eligible CPGs were included, comprising 17 consensuses and 13 guidelines. The quality showed no statistical significance between consensuses and guidelines, mainly within the moderate to low range. Notably, recommendations across CPGs exhibited inconsistency. Nevertheless, concerning diagnosis, the urea breath test emerged as the most frequently recommended method for testing H. pylori. Regarding treatment, bismuth quadruple therapy stood out as the predominantly recommended eradication strategy, with high-dose dual therapy being a newly recommended option. Our findings suggest the need for specific organizations to update their CPGs on H. pylori or refer to recently published CPGs. Specifically, CPGs for pediatric cases require improvement and updating, while a notable absence of CPGs for the elderly was observed. Furthermore, there is a pressing need to improve the overall quality of CPGs related to H. pylori. Regarding recommendations, additional evidence is essential to elucidate the relationship between H. pylori infection and other diseases and refine test indications. Clinicians are encouraged to consider bismuth quadruple or high-dose dual therapy, incorporating locally sensitive antibiotics, as empirical radical therapy. .

Effectiveness of prolonged exposure (PE) after implementation at a crime victim support centre.

Background: Recent practice guidelines strongly recommend evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) as the first-line treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, previous studies found barriers to the implementation of EBPs and a relatively high dropout rate in clinical settings. After proving the efficacy of prolonged exposure (PE) in Japan [Asukai, N., Saito, A., Tsuruta, N., Kishimoto, J., & Nishikawa, T. (2010). Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23(6), 744-750. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20589], we began implementing PE in a real-world clinical setting at the Victim Support Center of Tokyo (VSCT).Objective: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness and benefit of PE for crime-induced PTSD among VSCT clients and what causes dropout from treatment.Method: Of 311 adult clients who received counselling from clinical psychologists at VSCT due to violent or physical crime victimization from April 2008 through December 2019, 100 individuals received PE and participated in this study. Their PTSD symptoms were evaluated before and after treatment using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV.Results: A total of 93 participants completed PE and seven dropped out after six sessions or less. The completers group improved in PTSD symptoms with significant score differences between pre- and post-treatment in IES-R and CAPS-IV. Participants' symptoms did not exacerbate after treatment. Forty of 49 completers who left their workplace or college/school after victimization returned to work or study shortly after treatment. Compared to the completers, all dropout participants were women and younger. The majority were rape survivors, with significantly shorter intervals between victimization and treatment. The reasons for dropout were difficulty scheduling treatment between work/study schedules and manifestation of bipolar disorder or physical illness.Conclusions: PE can be implemented with significant effectiveness and a low dropout rate in a real-world clinical setting if advantages in the system and policies, local organizational context, fidelity support and patient engagement are fortified.

We conducted prolonged exposure (PE) with a low dropout rate for crime-induced PTSD in a non-Western real-world practice setting.Patient outcomes and low dropout rate of PE for PTSD in this study may be due to advantages in the following areas: system and policies, local organizational context, fidelity support and patient engagement.When introducing PE for PTSD, it is important to confirm that patients can be reasonably engaged with PE, and to carefully assess the status of other psychiatric and physical illnesses.

Psychologists’ Attitudes Toward EvidenceBased Practices: An Online Study with Child Mental Health Psychologists / Las Actitudes de los Psicólogos Hacia las Prácticas Basadas en la Evidencia (PBE)

Psychologists’ attitudes towards Evidence-Based Practices (EBPs) may have an impact in adhering to such practices. The purpose of this study was to analyse the psychometric characteristics of the Portuguese version of the Evidence Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS) (Aarons, 2004). This study also aims to characterize the attitudes of psychologists working in the field of child mental health and analyze the differences in these attitudes according to therapeutic approaches and professional experience. A sample of 71 (93% female) Portuguese psychologists (age M = 37.07, SD = 10.68) completed an online assessment protocol that included the EBPAS and a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic information, therapeutic approaches, and professional experience. The results support the construct validity and reliability of the measure. Portuguese psychologists seem to have more favorable attitudes towards EBPs compared to samples from other countries. When evaluating the differences in these attitudes considering the different variables, the results indicate that psychologists adopting a Cognitive-Behavioral orientation and with less years of professional experience show more favorable attitudes towards EBPs. This research contributes to a wider understanding about the factors that may influence psychologists’ attitudes towards EBPs and thus allow for more effective dissemination and implementation efforts. (AU)

Las actitudes de los psicólogos hacia las Prácticas Basadas en la Evidencia (PBE) pueden tener un impacto en la adhesión a dichas prácticas. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar las características psicométricas de la versión portuguesa de la Escala de Actitudes hacia las Prácticas Basadas en la Evidencia (EBPAS) (Aarons, 2004). Este estudio también pretende caracterizar las actitudes de los psicólogos que trabajan en el área de la salud mental infantil y analizar las diferencias en estas actitudes según los enfoques terapéuticos y la experiencia profesional. Una muestra de 71 (93% mujeres) psicólogos portugueses (edad M = 37.07, DP = 10.68) completaron una evaluación online, incluyendo un cuestionario para recoger información relacionada con las características socio-demográficas del psicólogo, su formación académica y experiencia profesional y el EBPAS. Los resultados apoyan la validez de constructo y la fiabilidad de la medida. Los psicólogos portugueses parecen revelar actitudes más favorables hacia los EBP en comparación con las muestras de otros países. Al evaluar las diferencias en estas actitudes considerando las diferentes variables, los resultados indican que los psicólogos que adoptan una orientación cognitivo-conductual y con menos años de experiencia profesional muestran actitudes más favorables hacia las PBE. Esta investigación contribuye a un mayor conocimiento de las variables que pueden influir en las actitudes de los psicólogos hacia las PBE y, por tanto, permite realizar esfuerzos de difusión e implementación más eficaces. (AU)

Implementación de Enfermería Basada en la Evidencia en Atención Primaria / Implementation of Evidenced- Based Nursing in Primary Care

Introducción: La implementación de la Enfermería Basada en la Evidencia (EBE) destaca por sus múltiples beneficios, tanto para el paciente, como para las enfermeras. Sin embargo, existe dificultad en su implementación atribuida a diferentes causas.Objetivos: Conocer el uso diario, la actitud frente a la EBE y las habilidades y conocimientos para aplicarla por las enfermeras de varios centros de salud de la Región de Murcia, además de los factores autopercibidos que dificultan la implementación y las medidas para paliarlo.Métodos: Estudio de investigación mixta de estrategia concurrente de triangulación, transversal, descriptivo y multicéntrico compuesto de un cuestionario validado y dos preguntas abiertas.Resultados: Participaron 65 enfermeras, predominantemente mujeres, de las cuales el 50,8% ha recibido formación en EBE. Las puntuaciones de los apartados del cuestionario son: 27,02 (x̄) en el uso diario de EBE, 18 (m) en la actitud y 44,15 (x̄) en las habilidades y conocimientos de EBE. Algunos factores autopercibidos que dificultan la implementación de la EBE son la falta de formación y de tiempo y la precariedad laboral y algunas medidas que sugieren para paliarlo son: formación, contratación de personal y trabajo en equipo. Conclusiones: Los participantes muestran una actitud favorable frente a la EBE, pero el uso diario y las habilidades y conocimientos son moderados, observándose relación entre la formación en EBE y la especialización de enfermería con mayor habilidades y conocimientos en EBE. Se destaca la necesidad de realizar estudios de mayor impacto para una evaluación más completa e implementación de las estrategias oportunas (AU)

Introduction: The implementation of Evidenced- Based Nursing (EBN) is characterized by multiple benefits, for the patients and the nurses. However, the implementation is difficult for different reasons. Objectives: To evaluate the daily use of the EBN, the attitude towards EBN and the skills and knowledge of nurses to apply EBN in the selected health centers and also, to explore the self-perceived factors that may hinder the implementation of EBN at work and the possible measures to improve it by the nurses that work in PC. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter and mixed concurrent triangulation strategy research, compose of a validated questionnaire and two open questions. Results: 65 nurses participated, mostly women, of whom 50,8% have received EBN’s formation. The punctuation of the different parts of the questionnaire are:27,02 (x̄) in the EBN’s daily use, 18 (m) in the attitude and 44,15 (x̄) in the EBN’s skills and knowledge. Some factors self-perceived that difficult the EBN’s implementation are the lack of formation and time and the job insecurity and there are some measures suggested for palliate it such as: formation, recruitment and teamwork. Conclusions: The participants show a favorable attitude towards EBN, but daily use and skills and knowledge are moderate, observing a relationship between training in EBN and nursing specialization with greater skills and knowledge in EBN. There is a need to carry out studies with a greater impact for a more complete evaluation and implementation of the appropriate strategies (AU)

Real-world apremilast use in biologic-naïve psoriatic arthritis patients. Data from Spanish clinical practice / Uso real de apremilast en pacientes con artritis psoriásica sin tratamiento biológico. Datos de la práctica clínica española

Introduction: Apremilast is approved for treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Real-world evidence on apremilast effectiveness in clinical practice is limited. Methods: Observational study enrolling adult patients, across 21 Spanish centres, who had initiated apremilast in the prior 6 (±1) months and were biologic naive. Data were collected at routine follow-up visits 6 and 12 months after apremilast initiation. Primary outcome was 6 and 12-month persistence to apremilast. Secondary outcomes included Disease Activity for PsA (DAPSA), joint erosions, enthesitis, dactylitis, and patient-reported quality of life (QoL, measured using the PsA impact of disease [PsAID] questionnaire). Results: We included 59 patients. Most had oligoarticular PsA, moderate disease activity, and high comorbidity burden. Three-quarters were continuing apremilast at 6 months and two-thirds at 12 months; mean (SD) apremilast treatment duration was 9.43 (1.75) months. DAPSA scores showed improved disease activity: one-third of patients in remission or low activity at apremilast initiation versus 62% and 78% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Eleven of 46 patients with radiographic assessments had joint erosions at apremilast initiation and none at month 12. Median (Q1, Q3) number of swollen joints was 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) at apremilast initiation versus 0.0 (0.0, 2.0) at 12 months. Incidence of dactylitis and enthesitis decreased between apremilast initiation (35.6% and 28.8%, respectively) and month 12 (11.6% and 2.4%, respectively). Over two-thirds of patients had a PSAID-9 score <4 (cut-off for patient-acceptable symptom state) at month 12. Conclusions: In Spanish clinical practice, two-thirds of PsA patients continued apremilast at 12 months, with clinical benefits at the joint level, no radiographic progression of erosions, and a positive impact on patient-reported QoL.(AU)

Introducción: Apremilast está aprobado para el tratamiento de la psoriasis y la artritis psoriásica (APs). La evidencia sobre la efectividad de apremilast en la práctica clínica es limitada. Métodos: Estudio observacional en el que se incluyó a pacientes adultos, de 21 centros españoles, que habían iniciado apremilast en los 6 (± 1) meses previos y no habían recibido biológicos. Los datos se recogieron en visitas rutinarias de seguimiento a los 6 y 12 meses del inicio de apremilast. El objetivo primario fue la persistencia de apremilast a los 6 y 12 meses. Los objetivos secundarios incluyeron la actividad de la enfermedad para APs (DAPSA), erosiones articulares, entesitis, dactilitis y la calidad de vida informada por el paciente (CdV, medida mediante el cuestionario “PsA Impact of disease [PsAID]”). Resultados: Se incluyó a 59 pacientes. La mayoría presentaba APs oligoarticular, actividad moderada de la enfermedad y alta comorbilidad. Tres cuartas partes continuaban con apremilast a los 6 meses y 2 tercios a los 12 meses; la duración media (DE) del tratamiento con apremilast fue de 9,43 (1,75) meses. Las puntuaciones DAPSA mostraron una mejora de la actividad de la enfermedad: un tercio de los pacientes en remisión o baja actividad al inicio de apremilast frente al 62 y el 78% a los 6 y 12 meses, respectivamente. Once de 46 pacientes con evaluaciones radiográficas presentaban erosiones articulares al inicio de apremilast y ninguno en el mes 12. La mediana (Q1, Q3) del número de articulaciones inflamadas fue de 4,0 (2,0, 6,0) al inicio de apremilast frente a 0,0 (0,0, 2,0) a los 12 meses. La incidencia de dactilitis y la entesitis disminuyeron entre el inicio de apremilast (el 35,6 y el 28,8%, respectivamente) y el mes 12 (el 11,6 y el 2,4%, respectivamente). Más de 2 tercios de los pacientes tenían una puntuación PSAID-9 < 4 (punto de corte del estado sintomático aceptable para el paciente) en el mes 12.(AU)

Headache in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Migraine prevalence according to the Migraine Screening-Questionnaire (MS-Q) and headache characteristics / Cefalea en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: prevalencia de migraña de acuerdo al Migraine Screening-Questionnaire (MS-Q) y características de la cefalea

Background The gut-brain axis describes a complex bidirectional association between neurological and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. In patients with migraine, GI comorbidities are common. We aimed to evaluate the presence of migraine among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) according to Migraine Screen-Questionnaire (MS-Q) and describe the headache characteristics compared to a control group. Additionally, we explored the relationship between migraine and IBD severities. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study through an online survey including patients from the IBD Unit at our tertiary hospital. Clinical and demographic variables were collected. MS-Q was used for migraine evaluation. Headache disability scale HIT-6, anxiety-depression scale HADS, sleep scale ISI, and activity scale Harvey–Bradshaw and Partial Mayo scores were also included. Results We evaluated 66 IBD patients and 47 controls. Among IBD patients, 28/66 (42%) were women, mean age 42 years and 23/66 (34.84%) had ulcerative colitis. MS-Q was positive in 13/49 (26.5%) of IBD patients and 4/31 (12.91%) controls (p=0.172). Among IBD patients, headache was unilateral in 5/13 (38%) and throbbing in 10/13 (77%). Migraine was associated with female sex (p=0.006), lower height (p=0.003) and weight (p=0.002), anti-TNF treatment (p=0.035). We did not find any association between HIT-6 and IBD activity scales scores. Conclusions Migraine presence according to MS-Q could be higher in patients with IBD than controls. We recommend migraine screening in these patients, especially in female patients with lower height and weight and anti-TNF treatment (AU)

Introducción El eje intestino-cerebro describe una asociación bidireccional compleja entre las enfermedades neurológicas y gastrointestinales (GI). Las comorbilidades GI son frecuentes en la migraña. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la presencia de migraña en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) y describir las características de la cefalea. Además, analizamos la relación entre la gravedad de la migraña y la EII. Métodos Estudio transversal a través de encuesta electrónica en pacientes con EII de un hospital terciario. Se recogieron variables clínicas y demográficas. Se usó MS-Q para presencia de migraña. Se incluyeron escala de discapacidad de cefalea HIT-6, ansiedad-depresión HADS, sueño ISI y actividad de EII Harvey-Bradshaw y Partial Mayo. Resultados Se incluyeron 66EII y 47controles. Entre los EII, 28/66 (42%) eran mujeres, con una edad media de 42años, y 23/66 (34,84%) tenían colitis ulcerosa. El MS-Q fue positivo en 13/49 (26,5%) de EII y en 4/31 (12,91%) controles (p=0,172). Entre los pacientes con EII, la cefalea fue unilateral en 5/13 (38%) y pulsátil en 10/13 (77%). El sexo femenino (p=0.006), la altura (p=0,003) y el peso más bajos (p=0,002) y el tratamiento con anti-TNF (p=0,035) se relacionaron con la probabilidad de migraña. No encontramos asociación entre el HIT-6 y las escalas de actividad de EII. Conclusiones La presencia de migraña de acuerdo al MS-Q podría ser más alta en los pacientes con EII que en controles. Recomendamos realizar un cribado de migraña en estos pacientes, especialmente en mujeres de menor peso y altura y tratamiento anti-TNF (AU)

Real-world apremilast use in biologic-naïve psoriatic arthritis patients. Data from Spanish clinical practice.

INTRODUCTION: Apremilast is approved for treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Real-world evidence on apremilast effectiveness in clinical practice is limited. METHODS: Observational study enrolling adult patients, across 21 Spanish centres, who had initiated apremilast in the prior 6 (±1) months and were biologic naive. Data were collected at routine follow-up visits 6 and 12 months after apremilast initiation. Primary outcome was 6 and 12-month persistence to apremilast. Secondary outcomes included Disease Activity for PsA (DAPSA), joint erosions, enthesitis, dactylitis, and patient-reported quality of life (QoL, measured using the PsA impact of disease [PsAID] questionnaire). RESULTS: We included 59 patients. Most had oligoarticular PsA, moderate disease activity, and high comorbidity burden. Three-quarters were continuing apremilast at 6 months and two-thirds at 12 months; mean (SD) apremilast treatment duration was 9.43 (1.75) months. DAPSA scores showed improved disease activity: one-third of patients in remission or low activity at apremilast initiation versus 62% and 78% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Eleven of 46 patients with radiographic assessments had joint erosions at apremilast initiation and none at month 12. Median (Q1, Q3) number of swollen joints was 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) at apremilast initiation versus 0.0 (0.0, 2.0) at 12 months. Incidence of dactylitis and enthesitis decreased between apremilast initiation (35.6% and 28.8%, respectively) and month 12 (11.6% and 2.4%, respectively). Over two-thirds of patients had a PSAID-9 score <4 (cut-off for patient-acceptable symptom state) at month 12. CONCLUSIONS: In Spanish clinical practice, two-thirds of PsA patients continued apremilast at 12 months, with clinical benefits at the joint level, no radiographic progression of erosions, and a positive impact on patient-reported QoL. Trial registration number Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03828045.

Headache in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Migraine prevalence according to the Migraine Screening-Questionnaire (MS-Q) and headache characteristics.

BACKGROUND: The gut-brain axis describes a complex bidirectional association between neurological and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. In patients with migraine, GI comorbidities are common. We aimed to evaluate the presence of migraine among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) according to Migraine Screen-Questionnaire (MS-Q) and describe the headache characteristics compared to a control group. Additionally, we explored the relationship between migraine and IBD severities. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study through an online survey including patients from the IBD Unit at our tertiary hospital. Clinical and demographic variables were collected. MS-Q was used for migraine evaluation. Headache disability scale HIT-6, anxiety-depression scale HADS, sleep scale ISI, and activity scale Harvey-Bradshaw and Partial Mayo scores were also included. RESULTS: We evaluated 66 IBD patients and 47 controls. Among IBD patients, 28/66 (42%) were women, mean age 42 years and 23/66 (34.84%) had ulcerative colitis. MS-Q was positive in 13/49 (26.5%) of IBD patients and 4/31 (12.91%) controls (p=0.172). Among IBD patients, headache was unilateral in 5/13 (38%) and throbbing in 10/13 (77%). Migraine was associated with female sex (p=0.006), lower height (p=0.003) and weight (p=0.002), anti-TNF treatment (p=0.035). We did not find any association between HIT-6 and IBD activity scales scores. CONCLUSIONS: Migraine presence according to MS-Q could be higher in patients with IBD than controls. We recommend migraine screening in these patients, especially in female patients with lower height and weight and anti-TNF treatment.

Ações de cuidado e diagnósticos de enfermagem ao paciente com oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea: translação do conhecimento / Acciones de cuidado y diagnósticos de enfermería para pacientes con oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea: traslación del conocimiento / Care actions and nursing diagnoses for patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: knowledge translation

Resumo Objetivo mapear diagnósticos e ações de enfermagem para o cuidado ao paciente adulto com oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, considerando um protocolo e um sistema informatizado de prescrição e a inclusão de novas ações de cuidados, em um processo de translação do conhecimento à prática clínica. Métodos estudo descritivo e exploratório, com mapeamento cruzado entre um protocolo assistencial e sistema informatizado de um hospital universitário, no período de 2014 a 2018. Foram realizados dois encontros com a chefia de enfermagem e membros do time de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea para validar as ações. Resultados diagnósticos mais comuns utilizados nos 45 prontuários dos pacientes com oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea foram: Risco de infecção (100%); Ventilação espontânea prejudicada (93,33%); Síndrome do déficit de autocuidado (93,33%). Conclusão e implicações para a prática o mapeamento incluiu 25 novas ações associadas a 14 diagnósticos de enfermagem no sistema informatizado, visando a disseminação do conhecimento e sua aplicação em cuidados reais a pacientes com oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea.

Resumen Objetivo mapear diagnósticos y acciones de enfermería para el cuidado de pacientes adultos con oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea, considerando un protocolo y un sistema de prescripción computarizado y la inclusión de nuevas acciones de cuidado, en un proceso de traslación del conocimiento a la práctica clínica. Métodos estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, con mapeo cruzado entre un protocolo de atención y un sistema informatizado en un hospital universitario, de 2014 a 2018. Posteriormente se realizaron dos reuniones con la gerente de enfermería y miembros del equipo de oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea para validar acciones. Resultados los diagnósticos más frecuentes utilizados en los 45 prontuarios de pacientes con oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea fueron: Riesgo de infección (100%); Deterioro de la ventilación espontánea (93,33%); Síndrome de déficit de autocuidado (93,33%). Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica el mapeo incluyó 25 nuevas acciones asociadas a 14 diagnósticos de enfermería en el sistema informatizado, con el objetivo de difundir el conocimiento y su aplicación en la atención real al paciente con oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea.

Abstract Objective to map diagnoses and nursing actions for the care of adult patients with extracorporeal oxygenation membrane, considering a protocol and a computerized prescription system and the inclusion of new care actions, in a process of translating knowledge to clinical practice. Methods descriptive and exploratory study, with cross-mapping between a care protocol and a computerized system of at a university hospital, from 2014 to 2018. Two meetings were held with the nursing manager and members of the extracorporeal oxygenation membrane team to validate the actions. Results most common diagnoses used in the 45 medical records of patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were: Risk of infection (100%); Impaired spontaneous ventilation (93.33%); Self-care deficit syndrome (93.33%). Conclusion and implications for practice The mapping included 25 new actions, associated with 14 nursing diagnoses in the computerized system, aiming to disseminate knowledge and its application in real care for patients with extracorporeal oxygenation membrane.

Inter-observer agreement on levels of evidence in radiology articles.

Levels of evidence (LE) are established through a hierarchical classification of studies according to their design. At present, there are many heterogeneous LE classifications, and this hampers their applicability. Our study aims to identify which LE classification has the best interobserver concordance for radiology articles. For this purpose, an interobserver agreement analysis were performed on 105 original articles applying two NE scales (Oxford Center of Evidence Based Medicine (OCEBM) y National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)). The inter-rater agreement of the LE assigned after reading the abstracts was good when using the OCEBM scale (K = 0.679), and somewhat lower with the NHMRC (K = 0.577 -moderate-). All differences were statistically significant (P < .000). So, in conclusion, of the two scales analysed (OCEBM and NHMRC), the OCEBM led to the strongest level of inter-rater agreement.

Trabajo colaborativo entre academia y autoridades de salud en tiempos de COVID-19: experiencia en Santander, Colombia

Introducción: Colombia es uno de los países con mayor número de casos de COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe. Los gobiernos no pueden trabajar solos en una crisis de gran intensidad, por lo que las alianzas y la colaboración Gobierno-academia toman un valor preponderante. Objetivo: Sistematizar la experiencia del trabajo colaborativo que se realizó entre actores académicos de la región y las autoridades de salud del departamento de Santander, Colombia, en el marco de la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19 durante 2020-2021. Metodología: A partir de la sistematización de experiencias y desde el enfoque crítico social se realizó un abordaje cualitativo con ocho actores clave del sector académico y de la autoridad en salud que participaron activamente en la alianza. Se hizo una revisión documental y se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas. Resultados: Una vez declarada la emergencia sanitaria, de manera rápida se conformaron dos grupos de trabajo colaborativo, uno entre academia y actores gubernamentales del municipio de Bucaramanga y otro entre academia y actores gubernamentales departamentales; ambos grupos se conformaron de manera voluntaria, pero se diferenciaron en su forma de organización. El trabajo colaborativo y voluntario brindó apoyo a las autoridades en salud, principalmente en la fase de preparación para afrontar la pandemia, traducción y difusión del conocimiento, vigilancia epidemiológica y actividades de fortalecimiento de la capacidad de respuesta. Conclusiones: El apoyo brindado por el equipo colaborativo fue muy proliferativo en actividades e intervenciones, no obstante, se presentaron dificultades y una de ellas fue que un número importante de sus recomendaciones no fueron atendidas por las autoridades sanitarias. Las dificultades presentadas no son diferentes a las ya reportadas en otras emergencias de salud pública, por lo que se requiere continuar fortaleciendo las relaciones Gobierno-academia para que se pueda trazar de manera proactiva una agenda que contribuya a superar las limitaciones que se reportan en este trabajo.

Introduction: Colombia is one of the countries with the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Latin America and the Caribbean. In a health crisis of high intensity, governments cannot work alone, so alliances and collaboration between Government and academia take on a preponderant value. Objective: Systematize the experience of the collaborative work carried out between academic actors in the region and the health authorities from the Department of Santander, Colombia in the framework of the health emergency due to COVID-19 during 2020-2021. Methods: Based on the systematization of experiences and from the critical social approach, a qualitative approach was carried out with eight key actors from the academic sector and the health authority that actively participated in the alliance. Documentary review and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results: Once the health emergency was declared, two collaborative working groups were quickly formed, one between academia and government actors of the municipality of Bucaramanga and another between academia and departmental government actors; both groups were formed voluntarily but differed in their form of organization. The collaborative and voluntary work provided support to health authorities mainly in the preparation phase to face the pandemic, knowledge translation and dissemination, epidemiological surveillance, and response capacity-building activities. Conclusions: The support provided by the collaborative team was very proliferative in activities and interventions; however, difficulties occurred and one of them was that a significant number of their recommendations were not addressed by the health authorities. The difficulties presented are not different from those already reported in other public health emergencies, so it is necessary to continue strengthening the relations between Government-Academia, so that they can proactively draw up an agenda that contributes to overcoming the limitations that are reported in this work.

Estudios nacionales e internacionales en salud oral y migración, una revisión narrativa

El objetivo de esta revisión fue explorar algunos antecedentes en torno de la relación salud oral y migración en tanto tópico de investigación, en el contexto nacional e internacional. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de textos publicados entre 2009 y 2019 en bases de datos electrónicas. Se concluyó que existen interesantes cruces posibles de hacer entre ambos ámbitos y susceptible de abordar desde diferentes técnicas y acercamientos metodológicos. No es, sin embargo, un tema suficientemente explorado dentro de los tópicos sanitarios; lo cual debiera revertirse sobretodo considerando las necesidades de informar e insumar la política pública para nuestro país.

The aim of this review is to explore some records regarding the relationship between oral health and migration as a research topic, in the national and international context. A literature review was made between 2009 and 2019 in electronic databases. It was concluded that there are interesting possible crossovers between both areas, liable to be addressed from different techniques and methodological approaches. However, this matter has not been sufficiently explored within health topics; this should be reversed, especially considering the need to inform and implement public policies in our country.